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Submission, is the most action that makes a person live fear in all its details, yet submission may turn into a reassuring state at the moment when a person is consistent with his idea, so he becomes a follower subject to accountability or subject to it, and this may lead us to question the reasons why the self is subject, and transforms it from a free active self to a defeated self,  accepting the state of submission to authority, satisfied with it and surrendering, which is what the American philosopher Judith Butler addressed in her book ( The Psychic Life of Power ). In her book, Butler discusses the concept of the subject of an authority, trying to explain how that subject submits, accepts, and sometimes gets involved in submitting to an authority that loses its identity. How does Butler explain the subjection of the self to authority? What is the psychological form exercised by power over the self? And what makes extra-self power a psychological form that constitut...

Perhaps the pharaonic inscriptions and the ancient civilizations that left us traces of expression of one desire, ancient and as old as the entire human species. Since the dawn of history, mankind has had one basic desire, to conquer death. Paradoxically, in trying to achieve that desire, they managed to achieve miracles. From myths and archeology, through arts and religions, to the era of science, technology and space travel. All these human accomplishments share one desire, which is immortality. Analyzing man into his basic elements: what is immortal and what dies? “To be mortal is the most basic human experience, and yet man has never been able to accept it, grasp it, and behave accordingly. Man doesn't know how to be mortal. And when he dies, he doesn't even know how to be dead” The Czech writer  Milan Kundera wrote  these words in his novel  Immortality , expressing a fact that man denies and exaggerates, so that he lives as if he is an immortal ...

There are a group of different philosophical schools of thought, each one expressing its own specific ideas, beliefs, and tendencies. Our topic today is about one of the most famous philosophical doctrines, which is pragmatism. What is the definition of pragmatism and what is its philosophy? Definitions of pragmatism Pragmatism includes several definitions, and among the most important definitions we find in the Collins English Dictionary are as follows: Pragmatism is dealing with problems in a practical way rather than relying on mere theoretical principles. It is a behavior or policy that looks at immediate practical consequences rather than just following theories. It is a philosophical trend or current that determines the meaning and truth of all concepts through their practical consequences. An introduction to pragmatic philosophy Pragmatic philosophy arose in the United States during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, preferring the priority of action over obse...

Many philosophical schools appeared in the past that had a significant impact on our lives, and one of the most important and famous of these schools is existential philosophy, which flourished in Europe in the twentieth century. Continue reading the article to learn more about the nature of existential philosophy, its principles, ideas, and trends. Defining existential philosophy Existential philosophy is a philosophical movement that has taken man as its subject, emphasizing the freedom of the individual and his ability to make reliable and meaningful choices for himself, the most important pioneers of  which are   Søren Kierkegaard and  Fyodor Dostoyevsky  in the nineteenth century, as well as  Martin Heidegger ,   Gabriel Marcel , Jean-Paul Sartre  and  Albert Camus  in the twentieth century. Among its other definitions is that it is a modern philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of personal experience and respo...

The famous Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines nihilism as the view that all traditional values, morals and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is meaningless and useless! The dictionary cites the words of the contemporary philosopher Ronald H. Nash , who says, “Nihilism is the state in which all values and beliefs lose their value.”The word nihilism in the English language comes from the Latin root Nihil, which means “nothing.” The birth of nihilistic philosophy The basic principles of nihilism existed long ago, even before the name and the term itself were born. The main ideas of this  philosophy are found  in the beliefs and philosophy of the Greeks (i.e. BC). Perhaps the Greek philosopher Gorgias , who lived in the period from 483 to 378 BC, is the spiritual father of these Philosophy, where the following saying affects him: Philosopher Gorgias (483 to 378 BCE)  Nothing exists, and if something existed, it would not be known. As for the term nihilism, it goes bac...

If you are a calm person and in control of your feelings, you do not show how you feel by crying, laughing and screaming, not being shaken too much by life's accidents and going along with everything ; You embody Stoic philosophy , an ancient philosophical discipline established by Zeno the Stoic in 300 BC. Stoic philosophy flourished for about 400 years in ancient Greece and Rome. It was one of the most important philosophical schools of that era, as it was a refuge for people if the winds of life turned them against them, or they were insulted, whether at work or in society. Of all the philosophies, Stoicism remains the most relevant and immediately useful for our troubled and troubled times, serving as a guide to confronting anxiety and pain. Stoic philosophy is not just a set of beliefs or moral claims, but rather a way of life, involving continuous practice and training, and includes: the practice of logic, Socratic dialogue, self-dialogue, meditation on death, and a type...